All the words in the vocabulary stock of the language should be organized traditionally. They’re organized into 8 parts of speech. This classification dates back to the ancient times: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
Ilysh adds numerals, statives, modal words and particles.
Хаймович и Роговская add articles and response words. When we classify parts of speech, we take into consideration different dimension ex: morphological characters.
H.Sweet:
- declinables (nouns, adj, verbs)
- Indiclinable (adverbs, prepositions, conjuncts, interjections)
Syntactic functions:
- Noun-words, noun, noun numerals, noun pronouns
- Adj.words
- Verb.words.
Classification of O.Jespersen. His theory is between syntax & morphology.
- Substantives
- Adj.
- Pronouns
- Verbs including overbids
- Particles very mixed group.
He also analyzes classes from the point of view of their functions in the sentence and phrase.
Here we take his theory of 3 ranges. In any composite denomination of a thing or person we always find that there is one word of supreme importance to which the others are joined as subordinated. The chief word is defined (qualified, modified) by another word, which in its turn may be defined (qualified, modified) by a third word, etc. we are to establish different ranks of words according to their mutual relations as defined or defining.
Words can be of
- Primary rang
- Secondary rang
- Tertiary
- ex: furiosly(3) barking(2) dog(1)
Ch. Fries developed the classification on the base of the function (role in the sentence).
He classified words using 3 typical sentences, which he called frames. He established 4 classes and 15 groups of structural words.
Russian linguistic tradition developed 3 classification of the base of meaning, form, and function.
Pr. Admony propose field theory the new nucleus of the field occupied with words possessing all the properties of the giving parts of speech.
